Name: Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose CAS：9004-32-4
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Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose CAS：9004-32-4

Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CAS: 9004-32-4) is usually produced by reacting natural cotton waste fibers or wood pulp fibers with sodium hydroxide (for alkalization) and monochloroacetic acid (for etherification). The pure carboxymethyl cellulose has poor water solubility in its acid form, so commercial products are generally made into the sodium salt, namely CMC-Na. Its molecular formula can be expressed as [C6H7O2(OH)2OCH2COONa]n, with molecular weights ranging from tens of thousands to millions.
It is a white to slightly yellow fibrous powder or particle at room temperature, odorless, tasteless, and non-toxic. It has hygroscopic properties. Its core value lies in its solubility in water, which forms a transparent and viscoelastic colloidal solution, but it does not dissolve in organic solvents such as ethanol and acetone.

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Product Details

It is a white to slightly yellow fibrous powder or particle at room temperature, odorless, tasteless, and non-toxic. It has hygroscopic properties. Its core value lies in its solubility in water, which forms a transparent and viscoelastic colloidal solution, but it does not dissolve in organic solvents such as ethanol and acetone.

Physical and chemical properties

Density	1,6 g/cm3
Melting point	274 °C (dec.)
Molecular formula	C6H7O2(OH)2CH2COONa
PSA	158.35
InChIKey	QMGYPNKICQJHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-M
SMILES	CC(=O)[O-].O=CC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)CO.[Na+]
Appearance and characteristics	low viscosity
Storage conditions	1. Use paper barrels or three-layer kraft paper packaging, with plastic bags inside. Store in a dry and moisture-proof place. Keep away from fire sources and heat sources.
Stability	1. When the substitution degree is greater than 0.5, it is easily soluble in water to form a transparent colloid. CMC with a substitution degree lower than 0.5 is difficult to dissolve in water but can dissolve in alkaline aqueous solutions. CMC generally does not dissolve or only swells in organic solvents, but it can dissolve in 35% ethanol solution. CMC has good dispersing ability, has strong emulsifying ability for oils and waxes, and can be used as an emulsifier. It is a high-molecular electrolyte with strong water absorption and retention ability, and its water retention capacity is related to the salt content in the water. CMC usually exists in water as a multi-molecular aggregate form and has a very high viscosity. The viscosity decreases with the increase in temperature. The viscosity of the solution is stable at pH 5-9; precipitation occurs simultaneously with hydrolysis when pH is less than 3; the viscosity slightly decreases when pH is greater than 10. The viscosity of the CMC solution will also decrease due to microbial action. When calcium ions are introduced into the CMC aqueous solution, turbidity occurs; adding high-valent metal ions such as Fe3+ or Al3+ can cause CMC to precipitate or form a gel.
Stability	2. The aqueous solution is stable to heat. The viscosity of the water-soluble solution varies with pH and degree of polymerization, and decreases with the increase in temperature.
Water solubility	H2O: 20 mg/mL, soluble

Parameter Categories	Typical indicators/ranges	Notes and Explanations
Viscosity	Low viscosity: 300 - 800 mPa·s (2% solution)	This is the most crucial indicator, and there are significant differences among different models.
Viscosity	Medium/high viscosity: 800 - 6000 mPa·s (1%-2% solution)
Replacement degree (DS)	0.5 - 1.0 and above	It refers to the average number of hydroxyl groups replaced on each glucose unit. The higher the DS value, the better the acid and salt resistance.
Purity (loss on drying)	≤ 10.0%	The main difference between industrial grade and food/pharmaceutical grade lies in the limits of impurities such as heavy metals and chlorides.
pH value	6.0 - 8.5 (1% aqueous solution)	It is neutral or slightly alkaline, ensuring compatibility with most systems.
Sodium content (Na)	6.5% - 8.5% (dry product)	It reflects the purity and chemical structure of the product.

Advantageous features

Outstanding thixotropic and pseudoplastic properties

As an efficient rheological modifier, a very small amount of addition can significantly increase the viscosity of the system. Its solution exhibits the "shear thinning" characteristic - good flowability during stirring, and restoring its viscosity when stationary. This property is crucial for the texture and workability of toothpaste, coatings, and food sauces.

Excellent protective colloid and stability

In milk beverages, it can encapsulate casein through electrostatic repulsion and steric hindrance, preventing protein from coagulating and precipitating under acidic conditions (with pH close to the isoelectric point). In detergents, it can adhere to dirt to prevent it from re-depositing onto fabrics.

Outstanding film-forming and water-retaining capabilities

It can form a transparent film on the surface of objects. Not only can it be used for fruit and vegetable coating preservation, but it can also lock in moisture in bread and meat products, delay aging, and increase production efficiency.

Physiological inertness and safety

The human body hardly metabolizes CMC-Na, which is a safe food additive and pharmaceutical excipient. It is widely used in the development of products based on the "green" and "natural" concepts.

Purpose

Food industry (one of the largest sectors): It is a stabilizer in ice cream to prevent the formation of ice crystals, a suspending agent in yogurt and acidic beverages to prevent protein precipitation; it can increase volume and delay aging in bread, and can also be used to make jelly, jam and beer foam stabilizers.
Cosmetics and pharmaceutical industry: In toothpaste, it is the "framework" that makes the paste uniform and shaped, and ensures smooth extrusion; in tablets, it is the adhesive that binds the drug components together; in cosmetic emulsions, it acts as an emulsifying stabilizer to prevent oil and water from separating.
Industrial applications (high-volume fields): In oil drilling, it is used to prepare high-viscosity drilling fluids, serving the functions of protecting the wellbore and carrying rock debris; in the paper industry, it is used as an additive to enhance the strength and smoothness of paper; in the textile industry, it is used as a sizing agent; in water treatment, it is used as a flocculant to assist in sludge dewatering.